Very scarce 1776 imprint of William Penn's 1678 Epistle, issued to defend and sustain the Philadelphia Quakers. 

Originally written during a period of severe repression of nonconformists in England, when Quakers faced imprisonment, property seizure, and social ostracism, his call to resist evil through spiritual rather than physical means was forged under genuine persecution. This lent the letter deep moral authority.

By the late 18th century, American Quakers had withdrawn entirely from politics and opposed the movement toward Independence in 1776. They attempted to claim neutrality between the two warring parties on theological and moral grounds. For Pennsylvania Quakers, decisions about whether to support or oppose the war were further complicated by the inherent conflict between two deeply held beliefs: their pacifist principles and their desire to protect and support the colony founded by William Penn. 

But Penn's letter was clear. The Quakers must trust God rather than arms. Penn's statement that "our weapons and our armor is spiritual" was a direct answer to patriots demanding military participation, and gave the Quaker's a "patriotic defense." 

The epistle makes a sophisticated theological case: Quakers are not disloyal; they in fact perhaps did support the pursuit of liberty. But they could be spiritually engaged in the conflict only, interceding for the nation through prayer and conscience. Penn's phrase calling Friends to be "that Little City and Hill of God" whose "salvation" comes from God alone, not military force, was seen a direct theological counter to the revolutionary moment.

The 1776 imprint very scarce. 

Penn, William. To the Children of Light in this Generation, Called of God to be Partakers of Eternal Life in Jesus Christ, the Lamb of God and Light of the World. Written the 4th of the 9th Month, 1678. Philadelphia. 1776. 4pp. 

Very handsomely preserved example with folds as usual, some light wear and handling at edges as shown, but crisp and finely preserved.