Genetic, environment and nutrition are factors that affect development of the brain and, therefore, the cognitive development of children. The role of nutrition is important because it is one factor that can be modified in order to optimize cognitive development.

Having a sufficient amount of nutrients is essential for proper intellectual growth amongst children. For example, Taurine and Docosahexanoic acid (DHA) are both very vital nutrients for intellectual development. Taurine can be found abundantly in the brain, muscle and retina. It helps in facilitating signal transmission by acting as a component of neurotransmitter. Taurine is a conditionally essential amino acid, which means that under special condition, body may not be able to produce enough Taurine. Injury, stress, disease and even exercise deplete Taurine and the body may not be able to maintain the level in the short time. Even though Taurine can be found mostly in meat and fish, the amount of Taurine decreases when cooked. Therefore, it is vital to provide sufficient intake of Taurine in the children’s diet.

Docosahexanoic acid (DHA) is polyunsaturated fatty acid (good fat), commonly found in deep sea fatty fish such as tuna, mackerel, sardine, salmon and anchovy. DHA represents a high proportion of the fats found in the brain and eyes. DHA is necessary for the development and maintenance of optimal structure and function of nerve cells in the brain and eyes. Hence, it is necessary for children to obtain sufficient DHA which is still accumulating in the brain through toddlerhood.